Loop Gain and Sleep Disordered Breathing §

Upper airway mechanics.

This review discusses the pathophysiological aspects of sleep-disordered breathing, with focus on upper airway mechanics in obstructive and central sleep apnoea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. These disorders constitute the end points of a spectrum with distinct yet interrelated mechanisms that lead to substantial pathology, i.e. increased upper airway collapsib...

Dynamic ventilatory response to CO(2) in congestive heart failure patients with and without central sleep apnea.

Nonobstructive (i.e., central) sleep apnea is a major cause of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stable congestive heart failure (CHF). Although central sleep apnea (CSA) is prevalent in this population, occurring in 40-50% of patients, its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Dynamic loop gain and delay of the chemoreflex response to CO(2) was measured during wakefulness in CHF patient...

Pathogenesis of obstructive and central sleep apnea.

Considerable progress has been made over the last several decades in our understanding of the pathophysiology of both central and obstructive sleep apnea. Central sleep apnea, in its various forms, is generally the product of an unstable ventilatory control system (high loop gain) with increased controller gain (high hypercapnic responsiveness) generally being the cause. High plant gain can con...

Sleep-disordered breathing and heart disease: is it one big, vicious loop?

Prolonged Sleep Apnea in Two Patients with a History of Opium Abuse-A Case Report

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).   Case Report: Two 53- and 51-year-old male cases with daytime sleepiness and opium abuse and severe sleep apnea and long respiratory events duration (200 and 275 seconds respectively) noted in polysomnography were reported at Ebn-e-Sina and Razavi hospita...